Which tone poem reflects a desire for independence from the Habsburg Empire?

The tone poem that reflects a desire for independence from the Habsburg Empire is "Ma Vlast" by Bedrich Smetana. This work is a series of symphonic poems that illustrate the beauty and history of the Czech lands, showcasing national pride and cultural identity in a time when Czech nationalism was gaining momentum against the backdrop of Habsburg rule. Smetana’s music is deeply rooted in the folklore and landscapes of Bohemia, invoking a sense of belonging and autonomy which resonated with the Czech people seeking independence.

While “Ein Heldenleben” focuses more on personal heroism and “Also sprach Zarathustra” explores philosophical themes, neither addresses nationalistic aspirations in the same way. “Pictures at an Exhibition,” although a vivid portrayal of art and imagination, does not carry the political and cultural weight associated with Czech independence. Thus, “Ma Vlast” stands out as a powerful expression of Smetana’s longing for national pride and self-determination.