Which instrument is typically associated with the performance of a sonata in the Baroque period?

The violin is widely recognized as a central instrument in the performance of sonatas during the Baroque period. This is primarily due to its expressive capabilities and versatility, which allowed composers such as Bach, Vivaldi, and Handel to explore a range of emotions and complexities within their works. The violin became a favored solo and ensemble instrument, often leading the musical conversation in sonatas, which typically featured intricate melodic lines and elaborate ornamentation that showcased the player's technical skill.

While other instruments like the organ, flute, and harpsichord were also used during this time, they served different roles. The organ was more commonly associated with liturgical music and large ensemble settings, the flute gained prominence later in the Baroque, and the harpsichord often served as a continuo instrument or accompaniment rather than as a primary melodic voice in sonatas. Therefore, the violin's prominent role and its extensive repertoire from the Baroque period make it the most suitable answer for this context.