What texture is most typical of a fugue by JS Bach?

The typical texture of a fugue by J.S. Bach is polyphonic. This means that it involves multiple independent melodic lines occurring simultaneously. In a fugue, a main theme, known as the subject, is introduced by one voice and then imitated by other voices in succession. This intricate interplay of voices creates a complex and rich tapestry of sound, which is characteristic of Bach’s compositional style.

Polyphony allows for a development of counterpoint, where different melodies are woven together, creating a sense of depth and sophistication. This is a defining feature of the fugue form, distinguishing it from other textures such as homophonic, where a primary melody is supported by chords, or monophonic, which consists of a single melody without accompaniment. Heterophonic texture, which involves variations of a single melody performed simultaneously, is also not typical of Bach's fugues.

Through his mastery of polyphony, Bach is able to express a wide range of emotions and ideas, making his fugues not only structurally complex but also profoundly impactful in terms of musical expression.