What did nineteenth-century composers commonly use to express nationalism in their music?

Nineteenth-century composers frequently turned to fragments of folk songs as a vital means of expressing nationalism in their music. This practice allowed them to invoke cultural identity and regional traditions, which resonated deeply with audiences who took pride in their national heritage. By incorporating authentic folk melodies, rhythms, and themes from their own countries, these composers were able to create a unique sound that reflected the spirit and culture of their homeland.

This method not only helped establish a sense of identity within their compositions but also served to highlight the contrast between classical traditions and the distinct musical languages rooted in everyday life. The use of folk melodies further enhanced the emotional connection to the music, fostering a sense of belonging and unity among listeners. This practice was central to the development of nationalistic movements within the arts, as composers sought to celebrate and preserve their cultural legacies through music.